Two underlined sentences are followed by a question or statement. Read the sentences, then choose the best answer to the question or the best completion of the statement.

Today's teenagers spend millions of dollars on clothing, cosmetics and other types of products. One reason is that they have grown up in a time of almost constant prosperity.

1: Which answer best describes the relationship between these two statements?

The second statement contrasts with the first.

Both statements are examples of the same concept.

The second statement is an example of the first.

The second statement is a cause of the first.

To perform CPR correctly, open the victim' mouth and free the throat of any obstructions. Begin artificial breathing by blowing down the victim's cleared throat while keeping the nostrils closed with your fingers.

2: What is the relationship between these two statements?

The second statement is an example of the first.

The second statement is in contrast with the first.

The second statement describes what happens after the first.

The second statement restates the first.

There are rules that drivers and passengers should follow to stay safe when in moving vehicles. These rules include driving within the speed limit and wearing seatbelts.

3: What is the relationship between these two statements?

The second statement provides examples of the first.

The second statement restates the first.

The second statement describes an effect of the first.

The second statement makes a comparison to the first.

The Midwest is experiencing its worst drought in fifteen years. Corn and soybean prices are expected to be very high this year.

4: What does the second sentence do?

It restates the idea found in the first.

It states an effect.

It gives an example.

It analyzes the statement made in the first.

The number of young, unmarried people has grown dramatically in the last decade. Business people, politicians, and advertisers now target the incomes and interests of this population.

5: What is the relationship between these two ideas?

The first statement is the cause of the second.

The first statement contradicts the second.

The second statement defines the first.

The second statement illustrates the first.

Read the statement or passage and then choose the best answer to the question. Answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the statement or passage.

Divorce or the death of a parent is bound to unsettle children who may be involved. Daily routines like eating meals together or doing homework may disappear at a time when children need structure the most. Many children, testing the stability or security of their new family situation, may become defiant or uncharacteristically hostile.

6: According to this passage, divorce or the death of a parent

is a direct cause of hostility in children.

may have unintended effects on children’s behavior.

can be blamed for many missed homework assignments.

always serve to split families apart.

After seven years of construction, the new East Wing of the National Gallery in Washington, D.C., was finally opened in the public in 1978. Designed by I.M. Pei, the East Wing is probably the most expensive public building ever erected in the United States. Most of the $95 million that went into constructing it was donated by Paul Mellon and the Mellon Foundation. Interestingly enough, Paul's father, Andrew Mellon, was the person who donated funds in the 1930's to build what is now the main building of the National Gallery.

7: The main purpose of the passage is to

relate facts about the East Wing.

describe how the East Wing was built.

show why the East Wing is expensive.

question the need for a public building like the East Wing.

Jazz is a peculiarly American contribution to Western culture. It was born out of the unique experience of American Blacks. Although its history is not entirely clear, jazz obviously has roots in the rhythm patterns and melodic lines of Africa, the tradition of Christian spirituals as sung by slave communities, the music of the blues as developed in the Deep South, and ragtime.

8: According to this passage, one can conclude that

jazz is the sole Black contribution to Western culture.

there is some difficulty tracing the origin of jazz.

jazz is most closely related to spiritual music.

jazz is not a complex musical form.

There are two types of pottery that I do. There is production pottery - mugs, tableware - the kinds of things that sell easily. These pay for my time to do the other work, which is more creative and satisfies my needs as an artist.

9: The author of the passage implies that

artists have a tendency to waste valuable time.

creativity and mass production are incompatible.

most people do not appreciate good art.

pottery is not produced by creative artists.

Some actors and rock stars are paid almost 100 times as much per year as school teachers. Not to downgrade the role of entertainment in our lives, but these people are not the valuable social resource that educators are. As another example, professional athletes earn vastly more than the nation' firefighters. Again, there is little doubt that the lower paid group contributes a more vital function to communities. Finally, dress designers, who can make up to $50,000 for a gown, far out-earn police officers, whose very presence makes our cities and towns livable.

10: Based on this passage, the earning power in our society

is subject to staggering inflation.

does not relate to one' usefulness in society.

is highest among those whose achievements are the greatest.

should be highest among actors and rock.

Read the statement or passage and then choose the best answer to the questions.

The study of history provides many benefits. First, we learn from the past. We may repeat mistakes, but, at least, we have the opportunity to avoid them. Second, history teaches us what questions to ask about the present. Contrary to some people's view, the study of history is not the memorization of names, dates, and places. It is the thoughtful examination of the forces that have shaped the courses of human life. We can examine events from the past and then draw inferences about current events. History teaches us about likely outcomes. Another benefit of the study of history is the broad range of human experience which is covered. War and peace are certainly covered as are national and international affairs. However, matters of culture (art, literature, and music) are also included in historical study. Human nature is an important part of history: emotions like passion, greed, and insecurity have influenced the shaping of world affairs. Anyone who thinks that the study of history is boring has not really studied history.

11: What is the main idea of this passage?

Studying history helps us to live in today's world.

Studying history is not just memorization.

The role of education is to help students deal with real life.

Students should study both national and international history.

12: In the first paragraph, inferences means

graphs

articles

conclusions

circumferences

13: Which method of teaching history would the author of this passage support?
Applying historical events to modern society.

Using flash cards to remember specific facts.

Weekly quizzes on dates and events.

Student competitions for most books memorized.

Read the passage and then choose the best answer to the questions.

In teaching of history as opposed to literature a smattering can be of great utility. For those who are not going to be professional historians the sort of thing that in America is called a survey course can, if it is rightly done, give a valuable sense of the larger process within which things which are near and familiar take place. Such a course should deal with the history of Man, not with the history of this or that country, least of all one's own. It should begin with the oldest facts known through anthropology and archaeology, and should give a sense of the gradual emergence of those things in human life which give man such a place in our respect as he may deserve. It should not present as the world's heroes those who have slaughtered the greatest number of enemies, but rather those who have been mist notable in adding to the world's capital of knowledge and beauty and wisdom. It should show the strange resurgent power of what is valuable in human life, defeated time and again by savagery and hate and destruction, but nevertheless at the very first possible opportunity, emerging again like grass in the desert after rain. It should, while youth leaves hopes and desires still plastic, fix those hopes and desires not upon victory over other human beings, but upon victory over those forces which have hitherto filled the life of man with suffering and sorrow - I mean, the forces of nature reluctant to yield her fruits, the forces of militant ignorance, the forces of hate, and the deep slavery to fear which is our heritage from the original helplessness of mankind. All this a survey of history should give and can give. All this, if it enters into the daily texture of men's thoughts, will make them less harsh and less mad.

14: It can be inferred that teaching of literature,

could be done curiously

must be done intensively

must have the objective of making us think from the general to the particular

none of the above

15: Whatever is valuable in human life,

effortlessly spreads everywhere

is often defeated

is to be learnt through history

is preserved in the history of mankind

16: The word ‘plastic’ (Para 1) in the context would mean

synthetic

durable

plaint

full of substance

17: When we acquire the capacity to see the general in particular, we

can generalize more effectively

begin to realize that whatever happens to us is an intense individual experience

gain a deeper understanding of misfortunes and injustices

none of the above

18: The author feels that a survey course such as he mentions will make men

more patient and understanding

more knowledgeable about their own affairs

overcome their fear and ignorance

respect mankind better

Read the following statement, then listen to the passage. On a piece of paper, take notes on the main points of the listening passage.

Microbe is a term for tiny creatures that individually are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. Microbes include bacteria, archaea, fungi and protists. Microbiologists have found microbes living just about everywhere: in the soil, water and air; in animals, plants, rocks and even us! Microbes have been around for billions of years because they are able to adapt to the ever-changing environment. They can find a home anywhere and some of them live in places where we once thought nothing could survive. For example, scientists have discovered microbes living in the boiling waters of hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. These microbes "eat" hydrogen gas and sulfur and "breathe" hydrogen sulfide. Other heat-loving microbes live in volcanic cracks miles under the ocean surface where there is no light and the water is a brew of poisonous arsenic, sulfur and other nasty chemicals. Other microbes live in the permanently frozen ice of Antarctica.

Now click on the symbol to listen to the passage on microbes:

Now answer the following questions:

19: Which of the following is not true of the microbes:

they live in all sorts of environments

they are unable to digest poisonous compounds

they can withstand extreme temperatures

all of these are true

20: Which of the following statements is true:

microbes live in humans

there are more than four categories of microbes

some microbes do not need light to exsist

all of these are true

21: Which of the following statements means the same as "a brew of poisonous arsenic"?

a mixture including trivalent and pentavalent solid poisonous element

trivalent and pentavalent solid poisonous elements

a mixture of non-specific poisonous stuff

none of the above

22: What is different about the new microbes?

they live in the hot springs

they live in the Arctic circle

they live independently from life on the surface

they need sunlight to survive

23: Why are scientists excited over these microbes?

because of the success of the exhibition

because of the new spectrum of colour found

because the ground they live is different from Earth's

because they may be able to exist on Mars

Read the following statement, then listen to the passage. On a piece of paper, take notes on the main points of the listening passage.

The Development of Predation Theory

Mathematical models of predation are amongst the oldest in ecology. The Italian mathematician Volterra is said to have developed his ideas about predation from watching the rise and fall of Adriatic fishing fleets. When fishing was good, the number of fishermen increased, drawn by the success of others. After a time, the fish declined, perhaps due to over-harvest, and then the number of fishermen also declined. After some time, the cycle repeated. 
Predation is used to include all "+/-" interactions in which one organism consumes all or part of another. This includes predator-prey, herbivore-plant, and parasite-host interactions. These linkages are the prime movers of energy through food chains. They are an important factor in the ecology of populations, determining mortality of prey and birth of new predators. Predation is an important evolutionary force: natural selection favors more effective predators and more evasive prey. Predation is widespread and easy to observe. Neither its existence nor its importance is in doubt.

Now click on the symbol to listen to the passage on predation theory:

Now answer the following questions:

24: Volterra developed his theory on predation by observing

the quantity of fish colonies in the Adriatic

the harvesting of the fish

the number of boats in a specific area

the relationship between boat and fish numbers

25: The word "interactions" in the paragraph means:

connections

communications

exchanges

relations

26: What does the paragraph imply about evolution?

that it is still to be proven as effective

that the prey will always outnumber the predators

that evolution favours progress

it does not mention evolution

27: What are predators likely to do first?

hunt in packs

join the pray

attack each other

feed off their battery packs

28: Where does the energy for predators come from?

the sun

the prey

the juice of the prey's battery pack

photosynthesis